Comments, marks, or symbols added to a script by a marker to justify or explain the marks awarded.

The process of adjusting marker judgments to align with an agreed standard — a key outcome of standardisation.

The obligation to protect assessment materials and learner data from unauthorised access or disclosure.

Having two independent markers assess the same learner work, with discrepancies resolved by a third marker or agreed process.

Quality checks conducted by the awarding organisation (or its appointees) on centres to ensure compliance with assessment standards.

Quality checks conducted within a centre by its own staff to ensure consistent and fair assessment before external checks.

Deliberate actions that compromise the integrity, security, or fairness of assessment — including cheating, plagiarism, and unauthorised disclosure.

The number of scripts or items an examiner is expected to mark within a marking period.

The process of checking and adjusting marking to ensure consistency across different markers.

A meeting held before marking begins where senior examiners agree the detailed application of the mark scheme to live scripts.

Systematic processes to ensure assessment meets required standards.

The process of ensuring all assessors apply assessment criteria consistently.

The acceptable difference between two markers' scores before adjudication is required in double marking.