A formal procedure allowing learners or centres to challenge assessment results they believe are incorrect or unfair.

A body recognised by a regulator to develop, deliver, and award qualifications. Also called an awarding body or exam board.

An approved organisation — such as a school, college, or training provider — that delivers qualifications and enters learners for assessment.

The mandatory requirements set by Ofqual that awarding organisations must meet to be recognised and to offer regulated qualifications.

The obligation to handle learner data — including assessment results — lawfully, fairly, and transparently under the Data Protection Act 2018 and UK GDPR.

A formal request by a centre for an awarding organisation to review a learner's result — checking marking, moderation, or procedural accuracy.

UK legislation that protects people from discrimination and requires reasonable adjustments in education, including assessment.

The General Data Protection Regulation — EU/UK law governing the processing of personal data, including learner assessment data.

The Joint Council for Qualifications — the body that sets common rules for examinations and assessments in the UK.

The Regulated Qualifications Framework — the system that classifies qualifications by level and size in England and Northern Ireland.