The proportion of learners who answered an item correctly. Also called item difficulty — though higher facility means easier.
The principle that assessments should not advantage or disadvantage any group of learners.
Assessment conducted during learning to provide feedback and guide improvement.
The General Data Protection Regulation — EU/UK law governing the processing of personal data, including learner assessment data.
The minimum marks required for each grade classification, set after marking to maintain standards.
A statement defining what a learner must demonstrate to achieve a particular grade at qualification level.
The rules defining how component marks combine to produce final qualification grades — including weighting, compensation, and condonement rules.
The estimated time a learner needs to be taught or supervised to achieve a qualification's learning outcomes.
Assessment where results have significant consequences for learners — determining progression, certification, employment, or licensure.
Assessment that considers the whole performance or product rather than breaking it into separate, independently scored components.
The degree of agreement between two or more independent markers assessing the same learner work.
Quality checks conducted within a centre by its own staff to ensure consistent and fair assessment before external checks.
The supervision of learners during an assessment to ensure security, prevent malpractice, and maintain fair conditions.
A repository of pre-written, reviewed, and calibrated assessment items that can be selected for use in live assessments.
The Joint Council for Qualifications — the body that sets common rules for examinations and assessments in the UK.
The correct answer option in an MCQ — the one option that is unambiguously correct.
The person responsible for coordinating and quality-assuring a team of assessors within a centre or assessment context.
A description of the typical characteristics, prior experience, and needs of the learners a qualification is designed for.
A marking approach where responses are matched to descriptions of quality at defined levels rather than awarded points for specific content.
Glossary
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